四、專有詞匯
About COVID-19
1. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎
2019年12月以來(lái)，湖北省武漢市陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)多例不明原因肺炎病例，經(jīng)檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示冠狀病毒核酸陽(yáng)性，而后證實(shí)這是一種由新型動(dòng)物源性病毒致發(fā)的疾病。2020年2月8日，國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委將“新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎”暫命名為“新型冠狀病毒肺炎”，簡(jiǎn)稱“新冠肺炎”。2月11日，世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布疫情報(bào)告，將此次由新型冠狀病毒引發(fā)的疾病正式命名為“COVID-19”。對(duì)于新冠肺炎，人群普遍缺乏免疫力，自我保護(hù)措施包括保持手部和呼吸道衛(wèi)生、堅(jiān)持安全飲食習(xí)慣、盡可能避免與任何表現(xiàn)出有呼吸道疾病癥狀的人密切接觸等。
COVID-19
In December 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown cause were found in Wuhan, Hubei province. Nucleic acid testing came back with positive results for the coronavirus, and it was later confirmed that the disease was caused by a new type of zoonotic virus. On February 8, 2020, the NHC temporarily named the disease “novel coronavirus pneumonia.” On February 11, the WHO released a situation report and officially named the disease caused by the novel coronavirus as “COVID-19.”
There is no known pre-existing immunity in humans, and self-protective measures include maintaining hand and respiratory hygiene, adhering to safe eating habits, and avoiding close contact with anyone who shows symptoms of respiratory diseases as far as possible.
2. “三個(gè)首次”
2020年2月18日，國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布報(bào)告稱，2月17日全國(guó)單日新增確診病例首次降至2000例以內(nèi)，湖北省外單日新增確診病例首次降至100例以內(nèi)，全國(guó)單日新增死亡病例首次降至100例以內(nèi)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“三個(gè)首次”，疫情形勢(shì)出現(xiàn)向好變化。
隨著全國(guó)各地防控措施逐步落實(shí)，疫情防控效果凸顯。2月18日，全國(guó)新增治愈出院人數(shù)超過(guò)新增確診人數(shù)，首次實(shí)現(xiàn)“出大于入”。同時(shí)，全國(guó)除湖北以外地區(qū)新增確診病例數(shù)連續(xù)15日下降，較高點(diǎn)降幅達(dá)94%。據(jù)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委統(tǒng)計(jì)，2月24日，全國(guó)23個(gè)省份及新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)實(shí)現(xiàn)零新增確診病例。但“零增長(zhǎng)”絕不意味著疫情“零風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。在全國(guó)疫情拐點(diǎn)尚未到來(lái)的攻堅(jiān)階段，容不得一絲松懈，需要繼續(xù)鞏固防控成果，抓好重癥病例的救治工作，最大程度防范輕癥轉(zhuǎn)重癥，提高治愈率。
“For the First Time” in Three Aspects
On February 18, the NHC released a report announcing “for the first time” in three aspects: On February 17, the number of newly confirmed cases across the country for the first time dropped to below 2,000 in a single day, the number of newly confirmed cases outside Hubei province for the first time dropped to below 100 in a single day, and the number of new deaths in the whole country for the first time dropped to below 100 in a single day. These indicated that the whole situation was getting better.
On February 18, the number of newly cured and discharged patients across the country exceeded that of newly confirmed cases, marking a fourth “for the first time.” The number of newly confirmed cases in other areas except Hubei had kept decreasing for 15 days in a row, with a staggering 94% drop from the peak.
According to the NHC, there was none newly confirmed case in 23 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps on February 24. Nevertheless, “zero increase” does not mean “zero risk.” In the critical stage when the national epidemic inflection point has not yet arrived, there is no room for a trace of slackness. The whole country need to consolidate the progress, ensure effective treatment of severe cases, exert every effort to prevent deterioration from mild to severe cases, and improve the recovery rate.
3.《中國(guó)—世界衛(wèi)生組織新型冠狀病毒肺炎聯(lián)合考察報(bào)告》
為了迅速就中國(guó)及國(guó)際社會(huì)如何進(jìn)一步應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情提供信息，并為尚未受疫情影響的國(guó)家和地區(qū)如何做好應(yīng)對(duì)準(zhǔn)備提出意見(jiàn)，來(lái)自8個(gè)國(guó)家和世衛(wèi)組織的25名中外專家，在中國(guó)進(jìn)行了為期9天的調(diào)研，形成《中國(guó)—世界衛(wèi)生組織新型冠狀病毒肺炎聯(lián)合考察報(bào)告》。報(bào)告于2020年2月29日由中國(guó)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委正式發(fā)布。
報(bào)告主要包括考察組、主要發(fā)現(xiàn)、評(píng)估和主要建議等四個(gè)方面內(nèi)容。報(bào)告指出，新冠肺炎病毒是一種動(dòng)物源性病毒，在無(wú)防護(hù)下通過(guò)飛沫和密切接觸傳播，人群普遍缺乏免疫力。報(bào)告高度評(píng)價(jià)中國(guó)在疫情防控方面所做的工作，充分肯定中國(guó)政府采取的歷史上最勇敢、最靈活、最積極的防控措施，認(rèn)為這些措施有效遏制了病原體的迅速蔓延，改變了疫情快速擴(kuò)散流行的危險(xiǎn)進(jìn)程，為全球應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎提供了重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)。報(bào)告建議，尚未受疫情影響的國(guó)家應(yīng)做好隨時(shí)啟動(dòng)最高級(jí)別應(yīng)急響應(yīng)機(jī)制的準(zhǔn)備，加強(qiáng)對(duì)新冠肺炎的檢測(cè)，采取更加嚴(yán)格的防控措施等。報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)，國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)充分認(rèn)識(shí)到各國(guó)之間真正的團(tuán)結(jié)與合作對(duì)于解決新冠肺炎的共同威脅至關(guān)重要。
Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19
To provide timely information on how China and the international community should further respond to the COVID-19 epidemic, and to offer proposals on how countries and regions that have not yet been affected by the epidemic should prepare, 25 Chinese and foreign experts from eight countries and the WHO conducted a nine-day mission in China and finished the Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was officially released by the NHC on February 29, 2020.
The report consists of four parts: the joint mission itself, major findings, assessment, and major recommendations. It points out that COVID-19 is a zoonotic virus that is transmitted via droplets and fomites during close unprotected contact between an infector and infectee, and there is no known pre-existing immunity in humans.
The report speaks highly of China’s efforts in epidemic prevention and control, fully affirms that China has rolled out perhaps the most ambitious, agile and aggressive disease containment effort in history. It holds that China’s bold approach has contained the rapid spread of the pathogen, changed the course of a rapidly escalating and deadly epidemic, and provided vital lessons for the global response to the COVID-19 epidemic.
The report recommends that countries that have not yet been affected to get prepared to immediately activate the highest level of emergency response mechanisms, immediately enhance surveillance for COVID-19, and enforce rigorous application of infection prevention and control measures. The report also stresses that the international community should recognize that true solidarity and collaboration is essential between nations to tackle the common threat that COVID-19 represents.
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